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The Red Lake Indian Reservation (''Miskwaagamiiwi-zaaga'igan'') covers 1,258.62 sq mi (3,259.81 km²) in parts of nine counties in northwestern Minnesota, United States. It is made up of numerous holdings but the largest section is an area about Red Lake, in north-central Minnesota, the largest lake entirely within that state. This section lies primarily in the counties of Beltrami and Clearwater. Land in seven other counties is also part of the reservation. The second-largest section () is much farther north, in the Northwest Angle of Lake of the Woods County near the Canadian border. It has no permanent residents. Between these two largest sections are hundreds of mostly small, non-contiguous reservation exclaves in the counties of Beltrami, Clearwater, Lake of the Woods, Koochiching, Roseau, Pennington, Marshall, Red Lake, and Polk. Home to the federally recognized Red Lake Band of Chippewa, it is unique as the only "closed reservation" in Minnesota. In a closed reservation, all land is held in common by the tribe and there is no private property.〔(Charles Brill (1992). ''Red Lake Nation: Portraits of Ojibway Life'' ), University of Minnesota Press, p. 19. ISBN 0-8166-1906-9〕 The tribe claims the land by right of conquest and aboriginal title; they were not reassigned to it by the United States government.〔 The Red Lake Band of Chippewa refused to join with six other bands in organizing as the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe in the mid-1930s; at the time, its people wanted to preserve their traditional system of hereditary chiefs, rather than forming an electoral government. As of 2011, the Ojibwe language is the official language of Red Lake. In the 2000 census, Red Lake was the most populous reservation in the state, with 5,162 residents. The only place in Minnesota with a higher Native American population at that time was the state's largest city, Minneapolis, 250 miles to the south; it recorded 8,378 Indian residents that year. By 2007, the White Earth and Leech Lake reservations (both part of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe) had higher resident populations of enrolled Ojibwe. The reservation's largest community is Red Lake, on the south shore of Red Lake. Given the large lake in the heart of the reservation, its total land area of is only about 70% of the reservation's surface area. == History == In the 17th century, the Ojibwa migrated into present-day Minnesota from the north around the Great Lakes. Their warriors were ordered ahead of colonizers and told to clear the way for the Anishinaabe families. Before invading the Mille Lacs region, Ojibwa soldiers had forced their way into the region just west of what is now Duluth, Minnesota on Lake Superior. They established a village known as ''Wi-yah-kwa-kit-chi-ga-ming'', later called ''Fond du Lac'' (Bottom of the Lake) by French fur traders, the first Europeans to interact with the Ojibwe in this area. From there, Anishinaabe soldiers invaded the Sandy Lake and Red Lake regions. Their conquest of the Red Lake region may have occurred around 1650 or 1750. By that time, Anishinaabe people were already living in the Grand Portage, Rainy Lake, and Pembina region of northern Minnesota.〔 After subjugating the Dakota who lived in the Red Lake region and forcing many from the area, the Noka (the Military and Police totem of the Anishinaabe) settled in. They eventually allowed other Anishinaabe totems to enter the Red Lake region to live. Most immigrants were from the Noka totem (or clan). They established many villages in the Red Lake region. Later, they and their Dakota allies invaded the plains of present-day North Dakota, western South Dakota, and Montana. The Western Dakota who refused to surrender continued to fight the Anishinaabe-Dakota alliance. With each battle and defeat, more Dakota asked for peace from the Anishinaabe. The Western Dakota who continued the conflict developed a great hatred for those Eastern Dakota who were allies of the Anishinaabe.〔 William Whipple Warren, the first historian of the Ojibwe people, noted their longstanding associations with the French Canadians by the mid-18th century, due both to fur trading and intermarriage among their peoples. As a result, the Ojibwe fought with the French during the Seven Years' War against the English; it was known in North America as the French and Indian War. Although the English won the war, the Ojibwe retained many trading and family associations with ethnic French Canadians. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Lake Indian Reservation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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